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Introduction A typical computer network, either LAN, MAN, or WAN is consists of a large number of communication devices along with communication medium or channels. To build a typical LAN, especially, we need to have computers, communication mediums or channels, …

Introduction A switch is used to connect the incoming link to the desired outgoing link and directs the incoming message to the appropriate outgoing link. A communication switch is used to allow/stop the flow of messages through the path connecting …

Introduction of Networking Model The Network Model manages communication between computers and network devices. They define rules, protocols, and structures for data communication. Most of the computer networks today are organized as a series of layers arranged as a stack …

Introduction This is also called LAN topology because of these are mostly and mainly implemented in a LAN network. Definition Network topology is the study of geometric or graphical arrangement or mapping or layout of the network elements (may be …

Classification of Computer Networks (A) Based on network physical geographical size/area and the area they cover, computer networks are classified into the following types: – This is one of the most common types of computer networks. (1.) Personal Area Network(PAN)  …

Transmission/Communication Medium: Transmission channel: A communication medium is also roughly known as a Transmission channel. Actually, transmission channel and transmission media are closely related but not exactly the same, although they are often used interchangeably in basic networking discussions. Transmission …

History The concept of Multiplexing originated in telegraphy in the 1870s, and is now widely applied in different streams of communications. Introduction The transmission of data over a network, either in wireless or wired medium, requires to solve the problem …

History of Computer Networks In 1960, the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) was widely recognized as the world’s first operational packet-switching computer network and the foundational technology of the modern internet. Developed By: The U.S. Department of Defense’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA, now DARPA). First …

Encoding Introduction Encoding is the broader term, and modulation is a subset of encoding. All modulation is encoding, but not all encoding is modulation. Encoding is the general process of converting data into a signal suitable for transmission or storage. …