Control Statements in Php

• Control statements in Php are code statements used to control the flow of execution of a program based on certain conditions or criteria.
• PHP provides various types of control statements, including:

Types of Control Statements in Php

• 1. Conditional/Decision Control Statements in Php:

     1. Conditional statements allow the execution of specific code blocks based on certain conditions.

     2. The most commonly used conditional statements in PhP are if, if-else, if-else-elseif, and switch.

     3. If Statement 
        • Syntax:
          • if (condition) {
                 // codes for the condition is true
            } 
     4. If-else Statement
        • Syntax:

if (condition) {
      // codes for the condition is true
} else {
     // codes for the condition is false
}

• • • If – else – else if Statement
      • Syntax:

1. 1. 1. Switch Statement 
         • Syntax:
           •  switch (expression/variable) {
                  case value1:
                       // code for expression equals value1
                       break;
                  case value2:
                       // code for expression equals value2
                       break;
           •       case value n:
                       // code for expression equals value n
                       break;
                  default:
                       // code for false/does not match any of the values of the above case
               }

   2. Looping Control Statements in Php:

      1. Looping statements are used to execute a block of code repeatedly until a certain condition is met/condition is true.

      2. The most commonly used looping statements in PhP are for, while, do-while, and for-each.

For Loop Statement

Syntax:

for (initialization; terminate_condition; increment/decrement) {
     // code to be executed repeatedly while the condition is true
}

While Loop Statement

Syntax:

while (condition) {
     // codes for the true condition
}

Do-While Loop Statement

Syntax:

do {
     // code to be executed at least once and repeatedly while the condition is true
} while (condition);

For Each Loop Statement (Used with Array mainly)

Syntax:

foreach ($array_name as $variable_name {
     // code to be executed for each element in the array
}

3. Jumping Control Statements in Php:

1. 1. 1. Jump/jumping statements allow the programmer to change the normal flow of execution of a program suddenly.
      2. The most commonly used jump statements in PHP are break, continue, and goto.

Break Statement

• • • • used to exit a loop prematurely/forcibly.

Syntax:

while (condition) {
     // code to be executed repeatedly while the condition is true
     if (some condition) {
          break;
     }
}

Continue Statement 

• • • • used to skip the current iteration and move to the next one

while (condition) {
     // code to be executed repeatedly while the condition is true
     if (some condition) {
          continue;
     }
     // code after the continue statement will not be executed for that iteration
}

4. Error handling statements:

1. 1. 1. Error handling statements allow the programmer to handle errors and exceptions that occur during the execution of a program.

      2. The most commonly used error-handling statements in PHP are try, catch, and throw.