Relational Algebra

Introduction Relational Algebra is a theoretical foundation for the query languages(SQL) used in relational database management systems (RDBMS). Definition Relational algebra is a formal system used to manipulate relations (tables) in relational databases. Characteristics Relational algebra provides a foundation for expressing queries and transformations on relational databases. It’s a mathematical Read more…

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RDBMS Constraints

Introduction Database Constraints are typically enforced by the database management system (DBMS) and play a crucial role in ensuring data consistency and accuracy. Definition Database constraints are rules and restrictions applied to data in a database to ensure data integrity, accuracy, and consistency.  Characteristics Database constraints define certain conditions that Read more…

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Database Models

Definition Database models are conceptual frameworks that define the structure, relationships, and rules governing how the data is stored, organized, manipulated, and accessed in a database management system (DBMS).  Types of Database Models There are several types of database models exist today but each database model offers various ways to Read more…

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Architecture of DBMS

DBMS architectures can vary based on the specific implementation, with some systems incorporating additional components or different arrangements based on their design and intended use cases. However, these core components generally form the foundation of most DBMS architectures. The architecture of a Database Management System (DBMS) refers to its overall Read more…

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History and Introduction DBMS

The history of Database Management Systems (DBMS) is a fascinating journey that spans several decades, marked by significant milestones and advancements in technology. A brief overview of developments in the history of DBMS are:- Early Database Systems (1950s-1960s) During the late 1950s and early 1960s, the concept of organizing and Read more…

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