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Introduction Semaphores were introduced by Edsger Dijkstra and are commonly used in operating systems and concurrent programming. Definition Semaphores provide a mechanism for coordinating concurrent processes or threads and protecting shared resources from simultaneous access, thereby avoiding race conditions and ensuring orderly execution.  In computer science, a semaphore is a Read more…

A critical section in an operating system is a section of code that must be executed automatically, i.e., it must be completed without interruption from other processes or threads. It cannot be interrupted by other threads or processes.  In an operating system (OS), a critical section refers to a portion Read more…

Definition A Scheduler/Process Schedular is an operating system program (or module) that performs process scheduling i.e. selects/sets the next job to be submitted in the ready queue for execution. Features The main function/objective of a schedular is to process scheduling for processing the job. Types There are three types of Read more…

Introduction It is also called Process Table/Task Control Block/Switch Frame. Definition Process control block(PCB) is a data structure (actually in the form of array of structure) which contains several necessary information regarding the executing processes in tabular form. Features It is maintained by an OS automatically during program execution. A Read more…

Process State/Model : Introduction A process is defined as an entity . As we know that, a process is an independent entity which represents the basic unit of work to be implemented in the system and with its own input values, output values, and internal state. A process often needs Read more…