Introduction File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to transfer files between a client and a server over a TCP/IP network. Linux provides several FTP services that allow secure and efficient file sharing between systems. FTP Services in Linux Linux supports multiple FTP solutions or services, each Read more…
Introduction Software metrics and models play a crucial role in software engineering by providing measurable and objective information about software processes and products. Software metrics models enable better planning, control, and continuous improvement in software development. Definition Software metrics are quantitative measures used to evaluate, control, and improve the software Read more…
Machine Code Generation is the phase of a compiler where the intermediate code is finally translated into target machine code or assembly language. It involves:- Translating expressions: This step converts high-level arithmetic or logical expressions into machine instructions. Register allocation: This step chooses registers for variables to improve execution speed. Read more…
Code optimization aims to improve the intermediate code or machine code so that it executes faster, uses less memory, and consumes fewer resources. There are the following types of code optimization techniques:- Peephole Optimization This optimization looks at a small sequence of consecutive instructions and replaces them with more efficient Read more…
Intermediate Code Generation is a step in compiler design where the compiler converts high-level source code into an intermediate form that lies between the source code and the machine code. The main purpose of this intermediate code is machine independence, which allows the same front-end of the compiler to be Read more…
Introduction Semantic analysis is performed by the Semantic Analyzer. Definition Semantic analysis is the third phase of a compiler that verifies the semantic errors (undeclared identifiers, type mismatches, duplicate declarations, etc.) of the valid parse tree generated during the syntax analysis phase to ensure it is logically correct. Characteristics Semantic Read more…
Introduction The Syntax Analysis phase is also called Parsing. Definition Syntax Analysis is the second layer/phase of a compiler, in which the parser analyzes the sequence of tokens produced by the lexical analyzer phase to determine whether the input program (created tokens) follows the grammar rules of a programming language Read more…
Introduction Lexical Analysis is the first layer/phase of a compiler. The Lexical Analysis phase is also called Scanning. A Pattern in this phase is a rule (often expressed with regular expressions) that defines how lexemes are recognized as tokens. A Lexeme in this phase is the actual string of characters Read more…
The structure of a compiler is organized into multiple phases, each responsible for transforming source code step by step into machine code. [A.] At a broad level, compilers consist of several phases – (a.) Lexical Analysis Phase (b.) Syntax Analysis Phase (c.) Semantic Analysis Phase (d.) Intermediate Code Generation (e.) Read more…
History Early Beginnings (1940s–1950s) The history of compilers started in the late 1940s with early ideas for automatic programming. In 1949–1951, Heinz Rutishauser proposed Superplan, a high-level language with an automatic translator, refined by Friedrich L. Bauer and Klaus Samelson. Grace Hopper coined the term “compiler” in 1952 for her Read more…