Introduction Token bus was standardized by IEEE standard 802.4. Definition Token bus is a LAN network protocol that implemens a Token Ring protocol over a virtual ring on a coaxial cable(ethernet). Features The token bus is a distributed processing system. Here, each node must know the address of its neighbour in Read more…
slno Name of Books Authors Publications 1. Unix Shell Programming Yashwant Kanitkar BPB 2. Linux Networking and Security Nicholas Wells Vikas Publishing, New Delhi 3. Unix – Concepts & Applications Sumitabha Das Tata Mcgraw Hill Publications 4. Unix for Programmers and Users Graham Glass & King Ables Pearson Education, India Read more…
Introduction of SOAP SOAP was initially called as XML-RPC. The stable release version of SOAP is/was v1.2 in April 2007. Definition SOAP is XML-based, hence lightweight(i.e. only uses XML format of data/message for request and response), Application layer protocol for accessing/exchanging of information in a decentralized way from several web Read more…
Introduction of FTP FTP stands for “File Transfer Protocol”. Definition FTP is a very important protocol used for exchanging files over the Internet. Features FTP is most commonly used to download a file from a server using the Internet or to upload a file to a server. FTP allows a Read more…
Introduction of HTTP/HTTPS HTTP/HTTPS is the client-server network protocol that has been in use by the World Wide Web since 1990. HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. HTTPS is a crucial component of modern web security, ensuring that data transmitted between clients and servers is encrypted and secure. Implementing Read more…
Click this link for details of E-mail Protocols History Before 1990, it was mostly used in academia. During the 1990s, it became known to the public at large and grew exponentially to the point where the number of e-mails sent per day now is vastly more than the number of Read more…
History of WWW The Web/WWW began in 1989 at CERN(The European Organization for Nuclear Research; the largest particle physics laboratory in the world; The name CERN is derived from the acronym for the French “Conseil European pour la Recherche Nucléaire”; located in Geneva, Switzerland; Established on 29 September 1954, 23 Read more…
Introduction Scheduling/Process/CPU Scheduling is a fundamental function of an operating system. Strictly, all computer resources are scheduled before use/processing properly. Since CPU is one of the primary/superior computer resources, therefore its scheduling is must and central. CPU scheduling is the basis of operating system which supports multiprogramming concepts. Definition In Read more…
Introduction Semaphores were introduced by Edsger Dijkstra and are commonly used in operating systems and concurrent programming. Definition Semaphores provide a mechanism for coordinating concurrent processes or threads and protecting shared resources from simultaneous access, thereby avoiding race conditions and ensuring orderly execution. In computer science, a semaphore is a Read more…
A critical section in an operating system is a section of code that must be executed automatically, i.e., it must be completed without interruption from other processes or threads. It cannot be interrupted by other threads or processes. In an operating system (OS), a critical section refers to a portion Read more…