Transport Layer TCP/IP

Introduction The Transport Layer in the TCP/IP model is vital for ensuring the reliable delivery of data between applications running on different hosts. TCP provides a robust, connection-oriented service that guarantees the delivery and order of data, while UDP offers …

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Internet/Network Layer TCP/IP

Introduction of TCP/IP Network Layer The TCP/IP Network Layer is often referred to as the Internet Layer. The TCP/IP Network Layer provides the essential functions of addressing, routing, and packet forwarding to enable seamless data exchange across vast and interconnected networks, …

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History and Introduction

History The history of TCP/IP can be traced back to the 1960s when the U.S. Department of Defense started a research project to develop a robust communication protocol that could withstand nuclear attacks. The project was called the ARPANET, and …

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Reference Books of Computer Fundamental

List of Top Popular Reference Books of Computer Fundamental SLNo Book's Name Author's Name Publications 01. Fundamental of Computers V. Rajaraman PHI Publication 02. IT Principles & Application Ray & Acharya PHI Publication 03. Information Technology and its Applications in …

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Terminology of Computer Fundamentals

Lists of some common Terminology of Computer Fundamentals Data Originally, data is the plural of the Latin word datum, from a dare, meaning ‘give’. The word ‘Data’ refers to any raw collection of facts, figures, symbols, and statistics that can be input, stored, …

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Output Units

Output Units Output Units or devices display the result of input data or signals after processing it. Output is the process of producing results from the data for getting useful information. Output devices display information on the screen (monitor) or …

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Memory Units

Introduction of Memory Units Memory Units are also known as Memory Systems. Computer memory is the physical device/component where the computer holds data, information, and programs either temporarily or permanently that are in use.  When the data or information is …

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