Miscellaneous Topics TCP/IP

Different types of Internet Connection & typical Speed

Network Connectivity Type – Transmission Speed

Subnet mask

• Subnet mask is used to differentiate Network ID and Host ID from a given IP address.
• The default subnet mask are conventionally expressed as for –
  •  Class A = 255.0.0.0
  • Class B = 255.255.0.0
  • Class C = 255.255.255.0

Loopback Address

• Loopback address is a special IP address which is used to check local TCP/IP suite or local machine in a computer network, hence sometimes called Local Loopback Address.
• Data Packets sent to this address never reach the network rather are looped through the network interface card only.
• Loopback address can be used for diagnostic/testing and troubleshooting purposes to verify that the internal path through the TCP/IP protocols is working.
• In another words, the loopback address allows for a reliable method of testing about the functionality of an Ethernet card and its drivers with associated software without a physical network.
• It also allows information technology professionals to test IP software without worrying about broken or corrupted drivers or hardware.
• This address can also be used to set up multiple server applications on the host because all listening on the same port number.
• This address is also used to connect to servers running on the local machine.
• The loopback address is 127.0.0.1.

Local host

• Local host is normally used when our user or client and host or server is on the same machine or PC. 
• It is similar as Loopback address but it is represented under the name “localhost”.
• When we typing ‘local host’ in the browser’s address bar, it will connect with the device itself. 
• This is handy when we want to connect to a server on our own computer.
• The purpose of local host is to serve as a domain name for 127.0.0.1.

Ping

• Ping stands for ‘Packet Internet Network Gopher’.
• Ping uses ICMP(Internet Control Management Protocol) during their functionality.

Tracert

• Tracert is a way to find the path information between source and destination.
• It shows no. of hops between source and destination.
• Tracert also uses ICMP protocol for finding details.