Introduction The session layer is the 5th layer of the OSI model. This layer lies in between the Transport layer and the Presentation layer. Features The session layer controls and coordinates the dialogues or data-exchange process between senders’ and receivers’ computers during communication in an orderly manner. This layer is Read more…
Introduction The transport layer is the 4th layer of the OSI model. This layer lies in between the Network layer and the Session layer. Features This layer acts as an interface between the bottom and top three layers. The lower data link layer (layer 2) is only responsible for delivering Read more…
Introduction of OSI Network Layer The network layer is the 3rd layer of the OSI model from the bottom side(Physical Layer). This layer lies in between the Data link layer and the Transport layer. Characteristics of OSI Network Layer The unit of data at the network layer is popularly called Data Read more…
Introduction This is the 2nd layer of the hierarchical OSI model. This layer lies in between the physical layer and the network layer. This is considered as the Lower layer of the OSI model. Features The Data Link Layer performs its functions in the LAN area mainly. The main network Read more…
Introduction The physical layer is the lowest layer/Layer 1 of the OSI model. Features The data units in this layer are called Signals(analog or digital) of Bits. The main network devices used/found in the Physical layer are a Repeater and Hub i.e., this layer does not work with devices having Read more…
Steps to Create a Linux Program Step 1 – Open Linux in command mode and make a new directory at Linux prompt (say $) to store newly created Linux program file either online or offline and change the directory only one time. $ mkdir prg (Press Enter) [‘prg’ Read more…
Important Key Combination CTRL+C – To halt the current command. CTRL+D – To save the written file contents, generate an end-of-file character, and log out of the current session, similar to exit. CTRL+G – To resume the flow of long output of the screen stopped by CRTL+S, so that screen Read more…
History Linux operating system was launched in 1991 as a personal project by Finnish student Linus Torvalds while studying computer science at the University of Helsinki. Initially, it was called ‘Freax’ for the early six months of its development. Introduction Linux started as a Unix variant with one major difference source code was freely available under the Read more…
Introduction of Frame Relay The concept of Frame Relay was initially designed for transmission across Integrated Services Digital Network(ISDN) infrastructure i.e. Frame Relay originated as an extension of integrated services digital network (ISDN). Definition Frame Relay is a standard or technology applied in a wide area network (WAN) that specifies Read more…