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Different types of Internet Connection & typical Speed Network Connectivity Type – Transmission Speed  (i) (Telephone) dial-up modem = 14.4 Kbps   (ii) ISDN modem = 56/128 Kbps    (iii) T1 connection = 1.54 Mbps    (iv) Ethernet = 10 Mbps    (v) Token ring = 4/16 Mbps   (vi) Fast Ethernet = 100 Mbps   (vii) FDDI Read more…

Introduction of Socket The concept of Socket began with the ARPANET in 1971. The term network socket is most commonly used in the context of the Internet protocol suite and is therefore often also called Internet socket. The term network socket is analogous to an electrical device’s female connector. The concept Read more…

History The concept of Client-server model was started from 1960s. ARPANET is considered as the first client-server model. Introduction Client server architecture is also known as “Client-Server Model”. It works according to a request and response method. Definition Client-Server architecture is a system where one computer (or more) is/are acting Read more…

Introduction The list of port numbers is specified in RFC (Both client and server must state the HTTP version of their request or response in the first line of their message. Internet Society and IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) Request for Comments documents (known as RFCs) provide the official definitions for the Read more…

Introduction The Application Layer in the TCP/IP model is crucial for enabling network communication between software applications.  Definition The application layer in the TCP/IP model is the topmost layer and is responsible for facilitating communication between network applications. Features It provides services to the application software running on a computer. It provides various protocols Read more…

Introduction The Transport Layer in the TCP/IP model is vital for ensuring the reliable delivery of data between applications running on different hosts. TCP provides a robust, connection-oriented service that guarantees the delivery and order of data, while UDP offers a lightweight, connectionless service for applications where speed and efficiency Read more…

Introduction of TCP/IP Network Layer The TCP/IP Network Layer is often referred to as the Internet Layer. The TCP/IP Network Layer provides the essential functions of addressing, routing, and packet forwarding to enable seamless data exchange across vast and interconnected networks, making the global internet possible. Definition of TCP/IP Network Layer Read more…

Introduction This layer is the lowest layer in the TCP/IP model. Features This layer contains the protocols that the computer uses to deliver data to the other computers and devices that are attached to the network via a cable or other media. Functions The protocols of this layer perform three Read more…

History The history of TCP/IP can be traced back to the 1960s when the U.S. Department of Defense started a research project to develop a robust communication protocol that could withstand nuclear attacks. The project was called the ARPANET, and its goal was to create a decentralized network that could Read more…