Introduction An operation code(opcode) of an instruction specifies the operation to be performed on data. This operation is mainly executed on some data stored in a register or memory. Operands may be specified in one of the three basic forms i.e., immediate, register, and memory. Conventions: In this addressing scheme, Read more…
Introduction CPU organization is the arrangement of CPU components in systematic order to work efficiently. Characteristics As we know that a computer manipulates data according to the given instructions using stored program concept. Here, stored program concept means the program and data are stored in the same memory unit. The Read more…
Introduction A control unit is a complex circuitry structure within a computer’s processor that directs, dictates, and coordinates the overall operations of the computer to run it smoothly and successfully. Definition The Control Unit(CU) is one of the basic/major components of the processor/CPU which controls and coordinates the various operations Read more…
Introduction An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a crucial part of a CPU. An Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is a critical component of the central processing unit (CPU) in computers. Definition An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is an execution unit and an important part of a CPU that does simple Read more…
Introduction In computer architecture, a processor register is a very fast computer memory used to speed up the execution of computer programs by providing quick access to commonly used values. A register is a word of internal/CPU memory like the accumulator. Most early machines used stack or accumulator type of architectures to manipulate data but these days all CPUs made are of Read more…
Introduction Micro Operation is the functionality of ALU & the control unit of CPU that describes how an instruction is executed. It is the key concept of instruction execution. A digital system performs a sequence of micro-operations on data stored in registers or memory. Micro-operations form the basis of executing Read more…
Introduction The instruction cycle is the basic operational process of a computer system. It is the process by which a computer retrieves a program instruction from its memory, determines what actions the instruction describes, and then carries out those actions. This cycle is repeated continuously by a computer’s central processing Read more…
Introduction Interrupts are crucial for managing asynchronous events and ensuring efficient CPU utilization. Understanding the different types of interrupts and their handling mechanisms is fundamental for system programming, operating system design, and hardware interfacing. Definition An interrupt is an exceptional event that causes the CPU to temporarily transfer its processing Read more…
History The term RAID was coined by researchers David Patterson, Garth A. Gibson, and Randy Katz at the University of California, Berkeley in 1987. Introduction RAID stands for ‘Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks’. Now, it is ‘Redundant Array of Independent Disks’ that signify the performance and reliability gains. Definition RAID is an advanced, specific, physical Read more…
Introduction Sequential circuits are digital circuits that have a state or memory, which allows to store information and perform operations based on that stored information. Terminology Clock-Pulse/Clock Signal A clock pulse is a periodic digital signal that is used to synchronize the timing of operations of digital circuits, particularly in Read more…