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Introduction
- A network is designed as a hierarchical or layered architecture in which every module or layer provides services to the upper layer. Users, sitting at the top layer of the network, communicate as if there is a virtual link between them, and need not be aware of the details of the network.
Definition
Network architecture refers to the overall design and structure of a computer network, including its components, communication protocols, data transmission methods, and the manner in which devices are interconnected. It defines how data is transmitted, how devices communicate, and how network services are provided.
Types of Network Architecture
(A) Client Server Architecture
- In client–server architecture, clients request services, and servers provide services. The server manages resources, security, and data access.
- Advantages:
- Centralized control
- Better security
- Easy data management
(B) Peer-to-Peer(P2P) Architecture
Introduction of Peer-to-Peer Network
- Peer stands for “Individual Computer System”.
- Peer-to-Peer network is also represented/written as P2P.
- In a Peer-to-Peer network, when a P2P application is installed on an individual machine, much of the P2P activity is automatic and runs unnoticed in the background.
Definition of Peer-to-Peer Network
- Peer-to-Peer network architecture is a group of computers that are connected with each other with equal permission, rights, and responsibilities for processing data or sharing resources properly.
- Network architecture provides a structured framework for designing and managing networks. It defines how devices communicate, ensures efficient data transfer, and supports the reliable operation of modern communication systems.
- In peer-to-peer architecture, all nodes have equal status, and each node can act as both client and server.
Characteristics/Features of Peer-to-Peer Network
- Peer-to-peer networks are easy to create, less complex, and have lower setup costs.
- Peer-to-peer networks are highly scalable.
- A peer-to-peer network has one-way data flow.
- P2P networks perform faster operations when we download from many peers. While the speed of the P2P network grows as more clients join the transfer.
- A peer-to-peer network has decentralized resources.
- This network has centralized user accounts.
- The resource sharing in this network occurs without a dedicated server.
Advantages/Importance of Peer-to-Peer Network
- The main advantage of a peer-to-peer network is to share aggregate resources cooperatively available in the network by each one.
- It is simple and low-cost because no need to install or set up a Server, hence less cost.
- It ensures efficient communication.
- It provides scalability and flexibility.
- It improves network performance and reliability.
- It helps in network planning and troubleshooting.
- Typical network devices and dedicated servers are not required to create a Peer-to-peer network.
- Most content distribution applications work based on the P2P network to prevent files and data from piracy.
Disadvantages of Peer-to-Peer Network
- P2P networks often suffer from performance issues.
- P2P is comparatively less secure.
Use/Application of Peer-to-Peer Network
- An advanced P2P network helps to share files quickly over a large geographical area.
(C) Layered Architecture
- Layered architecture divides network functions into layers, where each layer has a specific responsibility.
- For example:
- OSI Model
- TCP/IP Model
(D) Proprietary Network Architecture
- Proprietary architecture is designed and controlled by a single vendor and is not openly standardized.
- For example:
- IBM’s SNA (Systems Network Architecture)
- DEC’s DNA (Digital Network Architecture)
(E) Open Network Architecture
- Open architecture follows international standards, allowing interoperability between different vendors.
- For example:
- OSI Model
- TCP/IP Model
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