Introduction This is the 2nd layer of the hierarchical OSI model. This layer lies between the physical layer and the network layer. This is considered the Lower layer of the OSI model. Features The Data Link Layer performs its functions mainly in the LAN area. The main network device found Read more…
Introduction The physical layer is the lowest layer/Layer 1 of the OSI model. Features The data units in this layer are called Signals(analog or digital) of Bits. The main network devices used/found in the Physical layer are a Repeater and a Hub, i.e., this layer does not work with devices Read more…
Steps to Create a Linux Program Step 1 – Open Linux in command mode and make a new directory at Linux prompt (say $) to store newly created Linux program file either online or offline and change the directory only one time. $ mkdir prg (Press Enter) [‘prg’ Read more…
Example : How to set color/forecolor and background color in a CSS text box? Example : How to align the text in a text box using CSS? Example : How to make some space/indent in a text box/paragraph using CSS? Example : How to make a text box to convert any Read more…
Important Key Combination CTRL+C – To halt the current command. CTRL+D – To save the written file contents, generate an end-of-file character, and log out of the current session, similar to exit. CTRL+G – To resume the flow of long output of the screen stopped by CRTL+S, so that screen Read more…
History Linux operating system was launched in 1991 as a personal project by Finnish student Linus Torvalds while studying computer science at the University of Helsinki. Initially, it was called ‘Freax’ for the early six months of its development. Introduction Linux started as a Unix variant with one major difference source code was freely available under the Read more…
Introduction of Frame Relay The concept of Frame Relay was initially designed for transmission across Integrated Services Digital Network(ISDN) infrastructure i.e. Frame Relay originated as an extension of integrated services digital network (ISDN). Definition Frame Relay is a standard or technology applied in a wide area network (WAN) that specifies Read more…
Introduction of Token Ring The concept of the Token Ring was introduced by IBM in 1984, but standardized globally in 1989 as IEEE 802.5. Definition Token Ring is one of the earliest local area networking technologies/protocols, used to build specific local area networks(LAN). Features It uses a three-byte frame structure Read more…
Introduction It was commercially introduced in 1980 and first standardized in 1983 as IEEE 802.3. Definition Ethernet is the traditional LAN technology for connecting devices in a wired local area network (LAN). Features It uses IEEE 802.3 Standard in LAN data transmission. It uses CSMA/CD mechanism (carrier Seen Multiple Access/Collision Detect) Read more…