Important Key Combination CTRL+C – To halt the current command. CTRL+D – To save the written file contents, generate an end-of-file character, and log out of the current session, similar to exit. CTRL+G – To resume the flow of long output of the screen stopped by CRTL+S, so that screen Read more…
History Linux operating system was launched in 1991 as a personal project by Finnish student Linus Torvalds while studying computer science at the University of Helsinki. Initially, it was called ‘Freax’ for the early six months of its development. Introduction Linux started as a Unix variant with one major difference source code was freely available under the Read more…
Introduction of Frame Relay The concept of Frame Relay was initially designed for transmission across Integrated Services Digital Network(ISDN) infrastructure i.e. Frame Relay originated as an extension of integrated services digital network (ISDN). Definition Frame Relay is a standard or technology applied in a wide area network (WAN) that specifies Read more…
Introduction of Token Ring The concept of the Token Ring was introduced by IBM in 1984, but standardized globally in 1989 as IEEE 802.5. Definition Token Ring is one of the earliest local area networking technologies/protocols, used to build specific local area networks(LAN). Features It uses a three-byte frame structure Read more…
Introduction It was commercially introduced in 1980 and first standardized in 1983 as IEEE 802.3. Definition Ethernet is the traditional LAN technology for connecting devices in a wired local area network (LAN). Features It uses IEEE 802.3 Standard in LAN data transmission. It uses CSMA/CD mechanism (carrier Seen Multiple Access/Collision Detect) Read more…
Introduction RARP stands for “Reverse Address Resolution Protocol”. RARP is now considered as an old protocol because of use of IPv4 and we use it very less anymore to assign IP addresses to hosts. Now, it has been replaced by BOOTP and later by DHCP. Reverse ARP differs from the Inverse Read more…
Introduction IGMP stands for Internet Group Management Protocol, IGMP is an important protocol for supporting efficient multicast communication in IP networks. Multicasting is a technique used in network communication to deliver packets from a sender to multiple recipients simultaneously. Definition IGMP is a communications protocol used by IP network hosts Read more…
Introduction ARP stands for “Address Resolution Protocol”. Definition ARP is a request-response communication protocol used to associate(map or translate) the IP network address to the Hardware or Physical or Media Access Control(MAC) address. In another words, ARP is a type of resolution protocol used to dynamically map layer-3 network IP addresses Read more…
Introduction of IP The Internet Protocol is the building block of the Internet. The Internet Protocol is fundamental for allowing computers, smartphones, and other devices to communicate with each other over the Internet. Definition of IP Internet Protocol (IP) is a set of rules that govern how data is sent Read more…
Introduction UDP stands for ‘User Datagram Protocol’. UDP is an alternative protocol of TCP that can be used in the Internet. Definition The UDP is an unreliable or unsecure or no guarantee, connectionless, simpler, efficient communication protocol of the transport layer of TCP/IP protocol suite. Feature UDP is also a Read more…