Compiler Design
Lexical Analysis
Introduction Lexical Analysis is the first layer/phase of a compiler. The Lexical Analysis phase is also called Scanning. A Pattern in this phase is a rule (often expressed with regular expressions) that defines how lexemes are recognized as tokens. A Lexeme in this phase is the actual string of characters Read more…
Compiler Design
Structure of Compiler
The structure of a compiler is organized into multiple phases, each responsible for transforming source code step by step into machine code. [A.] At a high level, compilers are divided into Front End Compiler Phase This phase is language-dependent. This phase includes the lexical, syntax, and semantic analysis phases. Middle Read more…
Compiler Design
History and Basics
History Early Beginnings (1940s–1950s) The history of compilers started in the late 1940s with early ideas for automatic programming. In 1949–1951, Heinz Rutishauser proposed Superplan, a high-level language with an automatic translator, refined by Friedrich L. Bauer and Klaus Samelson. Grace Hopper coined the term “compiler” in 1952 for her Read more…
Computer Organization
Minimization of Logic Gates
Introduction When designing digital systems, especially for the first time, such as calculators, computers, and communication devices, we often start with complex Boolean expressions that involve several variables and gates. These expressions can be simplified using specific techniques later, allowing the same logical function to be performed using fewer gates Read more…