Syntax Analysis

Introduction The Syntax Analysis phase is also called Parsing. Definition Syntax Analysis is the second layer/phase of a compiler, in which the parser analyzes the sequence of tokens produced by the lexical analyzer phase to determine whether the input program …

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Lexical Analysis

Introduction Lexical Analysis is the first layer/phase of a compiler. The Lexical Analysis phase is also called Scanning. A Pattern in this phase is a rule (often expressed with regular expressions) that defines how lexemes are recognized as tokens. A …

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Structure of Compiler

The structure of a compiler is organized into multiple phases, each responsible for transforming source code step by step into machine code. [A.] At a broad level, compilers consist of several phases – (a.) Lexical Analysis Phase (b.) Syntax Analysis …

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History and Basics

History Early Beginnings (1940s–1950s) The history of compilers started in the late 1940s with early ideas for automatic programming. In 1949–1951, Heinz Rutishauser proposed Superplan, a high-level language with an automatic translator, refined by Friedrich L. Bauer and Klaus Samelson. …

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Minimization of Logic Gates

Introduction When designing digital systems, especially for the first time, such as calculators, computers, and communication devices, we often start with complex Boolean expressions that involve several variables and gates. These expressions can be simplified using specific techniques later, allowing …

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Flip-Flop

History The concept of flip-flops dates back to the early days of electronics. The idea behind bistable circuits (flip-flop) dates back to early 20th-century electronics. The first practical bistable multivibrator flip-flop circuit was invented by William Eccles and F. W. …

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India’s IT First

Slno. Tools Name Description Remarks ## India’s First indigenous Operating System India’s first indigenously developed operating system is Bharat Operating System Solutions (BOSS). It was developed by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Chennai, under the Ministry of …

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AI Tools and Hacks

Slno Tools Name/ Descriptions Links Remarks ## AI Prompt Generator Link1 Link2 Link3 — ## To use major AI Chat in one place LMArena — ## ChatGPT AI Chatgpt  OpenAI  Link3 — ## Google Gemini AI Link — ## Microsoft …

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